解:?$(1)$?∵射線?$OC$?是?$∠AOB$?的平分線,?$∠AOB=120°$?
∴?$∠BOC=\frac {1}{2}∠AOB=60°$?
∴?$∠COD=∠BOC-∠BOD=60°-20°=40°$?
?$(2)①$?當(dāng)點(diǎn)?$D$?在?$∠BOC$?平分線的上方,如圖
∵?$∠AOE=∠EOD-∠AOD$?
∴?$∠AOE=90°-∠AOD$?
∵?$∠BOD=∠AOB-∠AOD$?
∴?$∠BOD=120°-∠AOD$?
∴?$∠BOD-∠AOE=120°-∠AOD-(90°-∠AOD)=30°$?
?$ ②$?當(dāng)點(diǎn)?$D$?在?$∠BOC$?平分線的下方,如圖
∵?$∠AOE+∠BOD=∠AOB-∠EOD$?
∴?$∠AOE+∠BOD=120°-90°=30°$?
∴?$∠BOD$?和?$∠AOE$?之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系是
?$∠BOD-∠AOE=30°$?或?$∠AOE+∠BOD=30°$?