$解:①31??+3??+···+32+3+1$
$= \frac{1}{2} ×(3-1)×(1+3+32+···+39??+ 31??)$
$= \frac{31?1-1}{2}$
$②因?yàn)?-2-1)[(-2)2?22+(-2)2?21+(-2)2?2?+···+(-2)3+(-2)2+(-2)1+1]$
$=(-2)2?23-1=-22?23-1$
$所以(-2)2?22+(-2)2?21+(-2)2?2?+···+(-2)3+(-2)2+(-2)1+1$
$= \frac{22?23+1}{3}③21??+2??+···+23+22+2$
$=2×(2??+2??+···+22+2+1)$
$=2×[(2-1)×(2??+2??+···+22+2+1)]$
$=2×(21??-1)$
$=21?1-2$