汽車在高速公路上行駛108km消耗的汽油質(zhì)量為:
由密度公式$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$可得,$m = \rho V。$
已知汽油密度$\rho_{\text{汽油}} = 0.8\ \text{kg/L},$耗油量$V = 8.5\ \text{L},$
則$m = 0.8\ \text{kg/L} \times 8.5\ \text{L} = 6.8\ \text{kg}。$
汽車在行駛108km過程中發(fā)動機做的功及平均牽引力:
① 行駛時間:由$v = \frac{s}{t}$可得,$t = \frac{s}{v}。$
已知路程$s = 108\ \text{km},$平均速度$v = 90\ \text{km/h},$
則$t = \frac{108\ \text{km}}{90\ \text{km/h}} = 1.2\ \text{h} = 1.2 \times 3600\ \text{s} = 4320\ \text{s}。$
發(fā)動機功率$P = 60\ \text{kW} = 60 \times 10^3\ \text{W} = 6 \times 10^4\ \text{W},$
做功$W = Pt = 6 \times 10^4\ \text{W} \times 4320\ \text{s} = 2.592 \times 10^8\ \text{J}。$
② 平均牽引力:由$W = Fs$可得,$F = \frac{W}{s}。$
路程$s = 108\ \text{km} = 1.08 \times 10^5\ \text{m},$
則$F = \frac{2.592 \times 10^8\ \text{J}}{1.08 \times 10^5\ \text{m}} = 2400\ \text{N}。$
答:(1)消耗的汽油質(zhì)量為$6.8\ \text{kg};$(2)發(fā)動機做功$2.592 \times 10^8\ \text{J},$平均牽引力為$2400\ \text{N}。$