解:?$(1)R_L=\frac {U_L}{I_L}=\frac {2.5\ \mathrm {V}}{0.3\ \mathrm {A}}≈8.3 \ \mathrm {Ω}$?
?$ (2)R_{右}=\frac {U_R}{I}=\frac {(3-0.6)\ \mathrm {V}}{0.1\ \mathrm {A}}=24 \ \mathrm {Ω}$?
?$ (3)$?小燈泡正常發(fā)光時,鉛筆芯的電壓:
?$U'=U_0-U= 3\ \mathrm {V}-2.5\ \mathrm {V}=0.5\ \mathrm {V}$?
消耗的電能:
?$ W=U' It= 0.5\ \mathrm {V}×0.3\ \mathrm {A}×5×60\ \mathrm {s}=45\ \mathrm {J}$?